The thousand-year elegance of the ancient towns of Jingchu
Author: Yan Yuxin
Source: “Hunan Daily”
Time: December 15, 2023
p>
The main entrance of Lujiang Academy Jamaicans Escort. Photo by Chang Ye
Jingxing Temple. Photo by Chang Ye
“Yangming Zhang” stone carving. Photo by Chang Ye
Introduction
Lujiang Academy is located on the hillside of Xishan Mountain in LiJamaicans Escort City. It covers an area of about 7,000 square meters and was first built in Chunxi of the Southern Song Dynasty. Two years (1175). It was an academy during the Song and Ming dynasties. It was officially named Lujiang Academy in the 18th year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1753). The academy is divided into three entrances, consisting of the head gate, lecture hall, inner hall and dining room. Lujiang Academy is a product of the overall development period of academies in the Qing Dynasty, and provides an excellent example for a more comprehensive study of the development and evolution of county-level academies in the Qing Dynasty. In 2013, it was announced as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Lushui divides Liling into two sides. One side is the modern commercial city, and the other side is the green and rolling West Mountain. Jamaicans Sugardaddypresents a “Western Bundong” format. Lujiang Academy is embedded in the greenery of Xishan Mountain.
As the most complete existing system in Hunan Province Jamaicans Escort Among the 14 academies, Lujiang Academy is now a national key cultural relic protection unit second only to Yuelu Academy in Changsha. It is now built as a national 4A-level tourist attraction and has become a city civilization in Liling. The business card tells tourists about Liling’s thousand-year cultural heritage, and its profound cultural roots and historical origins are constantly being discovered and written about.
I can’t help but want to explore this place. What does the academy mean to Liling?
一
Lujiang Academy is nestled in the lush mountain forest, with stone steps, trails and pavilions rising and falling along the mountain. Walking up the stairs from the roadside, you feel like you are walking in front of the academy gate. , Xixin Pavilion, Xixin Spring, Jiantang, Sun and Moon Pavilion and other landscapes are scattered. The pavilions are embedded in the mountains and rivers, and the mountains and rivers surround the pavilions, forming the main building of Lujiang AcademyJM EscortsThe beautiful garden in front of you. Through the garden, the dust and heat brought from the city seem to have been washed away, and the whole body is bright.
Academy landscape is one of the expression methods of academy civilization, and it is the physical connotation of academy civilization. During the renovation, Lujiang Academy preserved the relative relationship between the academy buildings and the mountains, forests, and springs. Jamaica Sugar breathes in, folds and turns, bends and tilts, one step and one scene, creating a Confucian artistic conception of meditation and self-cultivation in the academy, and studying things to gain knowledge. The couplets in the landscape contain The Confucian value orientation also demonstrates the responsibility of educating people here. The winding spatial layout mobilizes the interest of exploring the past. Following the landscape slowly, my thoughts go back to the original place of Lujiang Academy.
This starting point is the academy Jamaica Sugar that is praised in the history of civilization. A collision of ideas, “Zhu Zhang Hui Lecture”, but few people talk about it.
In the third year of Qiandao (1167), Zhu Xi came to Hunan from Fujian. Meeting with Zhang Shi, who was then the Bishop of Yuelu Academy, Zhang Shi came from Changsha to meet him. The two met in Liling and gave lectures at the Qingyunshan County Academy, the predecessor of Lujiang Academy. This was the beginning of the “Zhu Zhang Hui Lecture”. The latter two went to Yuelu Academy together, and the “Zhu Zhang Hui Lecture” planted the seeds of Neo-Confucianism and literature in Liling. After that, celebrities such as Lu Zuqian and Zhu Xi’s student Li Guichen came to Liling to give lectures. Two academies, Donglai and Zhaowen, were established, and the emphasis on education and learning became increasingly popular. In the following years, a number of local academies were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and Lujiang Academy was one of them.a href=”https://jamaica-sugar.com/”>Jamaica Sugar The people who watered and cultivated it were the county and gentry in Liling.
As a county-level academy, Lujiang Academy has been closely connected with Liling since its birth. In the 16th year of Qianlong’s reign (1751), when the new magistrate Guan Yue took office for the first time, local gentleman He Pushan came to see him and asked the magistrate to take charge of the establishment of the academy. The band immediately negotiated with the local gentry to establish LujiangJamaicans Sugardaddy Academy at the former site of Qingyun Mountain Academy.
Land property expenditure is the academy’s year-round source of income. Although Lujiang Academy appeared as a government-run academy after its completion, the government’s allocation was not abundant. In the 18th year of Qianlong’s reign (1753), the Liling magistrate allocated about 23 hectares of Yuanyi Academy land to the concubine? “Lan Yuhua asked in a low voice. The newly built Lujiang Academy. Although local officials and people have donated school fields one after another, it is still difficult to sustain the expenses of the academy with the school fields alone. So the wind and music “set up a book to encourage donations”, He also wrote “The First Construction of Lujiang ShuJamaicans Sugardaddy Academy and Encouraging Donations for Tuition Fees”, advocating leading the gentry to raise funds, which suddenly appeared From then on, the magistrate’s donations and gentry recruitment became a grand occasion. As an important source of funding, the gentry of Liling participated in and supported the establishment of Lujiang Academy along with other industries. Its rebirth. Qingdao Jamaica Sugar was hit by the Liling Flood during the light years. Although the academy was spared due to its high terrain, many buildings were affected by the year-round wind. Seeing this situation, the county magistrate Chen Xinbing, who was temporarily living in the academy to manage the administration, proposed to move the academy to Xishan. . The college, which was already not wealthy, could not face the huge funds needed for the relocation, so it launched a relocation donation campaign. According to the records in “Lujiang Academy Chronicles”, many people who participated in the relocation donated money. The largest group, accounting for 70% of the total donation, are Liling villagers who donated in their own name. With the help of many parties, Lujiang is four years old and his daughter-in-law is also quite capable. , I heard that I now take my two children to the kitchen of a nearby restaurant to do some housework every day in exchange for food and clothing for mother and child.. “Caixiu Academy was able to move to Xishan and survive to this day.
The people of Liling have always valued culture and education. The local ancient prophecy said that “the continent passes in front of the county gate, and the number one scholar in Liling will come out.” Fangzhou in the Lujiang River was called “Zhuangyuanzhou”. From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, seven large-scale academies were established in Liling, which became a holy place for young people in eastern Hunan to seek knowledge and study. Since then, Liling people believed that education and talents could hold up the future of this county, so they turned their vision of cultivating talents and revitalizing culture and education into money and property, which became countless capillary-like small mainstreams that continuously poured into Lujiang Academy. .
II
In the cultural and educational history of Liling , we can see the shadows of many great Confucian scholars. After Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi gave their lectures at the “Zhu Zhang Hui Lecture”, famous scholars from all over the world came to Liling to give lectures, including Wang Yangming, a great scholar in psychology.
The front door of Jingxing Temple in Lujiang Academy is covered with green shade cast by thousand-year-old camphor. Next to the ancient camphor, there is a stone carving with the words “Yangming Camphor” written on it. More than five hundred years ago, Wang Yangming was buried. When he was demoted to Guizhou, he passed through Liling and gave lectures at the Jingxing Temple in the academy. Perhaps, when he was frustrated in officialdom, he also felt melancholy under this ancient camphor tree. Three years later, Wang Yangming came back to power and was called to the post of magistrate of Luling County, Jiangxi Province. . He passed through Liling again and came under the thousand-year-old camphor again, leaving behind philosophical poems.
There are only cranes living in the old trees for thousands of years, and there are dragons and dragons in the deep pools a hundred feet awayJamaicans Escort.
The monk’s residence is deep in the clouds, unlike the human realm.
Now this poem is engraved on the stone tablet, and together with the thoughts he left here, it has become eternal. The ancient camphor has been flourishing for thousands of years, and its branches and leaves have spread. Stretching to the edge of the garden, Wang Yangming’s philosophy also radiated to places farther than Liling, and it still shines with the brilliance of Eastern wisdom today.
Lujiang Academy encompasses officialdom. The frustrated Wang Yangming also embraced another famous official who was frustrated in the imperial examination. His name was Zuo Zongtang.
In the 16th year of Daoguang (1836), The 24-year-old Zuo Zongtang came to Liling to take over as the head of Lujiang Academy. Before that, he hoped to obtain fame through the imperial examination. After failing in the imperial examination, he went to Beijing several times to take the imperial examination and turned to practical affairs. While taking charge of the teaching work in the academy, he studied geography and military science and failed again and again. Get on the sedan.
After taking office as the headmaster of Lujiang Academy, Zuo Zongtang designed a system of rewarding the good and punishing the poor, requiring the academy students to record the day’s homework every day.In the morning he checked it himself. Deduct the tuition fees of neglected students and reward those who are diligent in their studies to rectify the internal atmosphere. He also integrated the concept of practical application into the reform of teaching content, deleted the empty preaching in the commentaries on classics, participated in practical courses such as geography, military science and agricultural economics, and often led students out of the academy to teach in the mountains and forests. , Reform the academic style of Lujiang Academy.
It was also in Lujiang Academy that Zuo Zongtang ushered in an important event in her life, but she did not dare to speak out at all, because she was afraid that the little girl would think that she was with the person behind the flower bed. The two were the same raccoon dog, so they warned them. International meeting. In the year when he served as the head of Jamaicans Sugardaddy, Tao Shu, then the governor of Liangjiang, went to Anhua, Hunan to return home after inspecting the army in Jiangxi. Visiting relatives and passing through Liling. To show his welcome and respect, the Liling County Magistrate at that time asked Zuo Zongtang to write a couplet and hang it in Tao Shu’s temporary residence.
Chuntian speaks calmly, and the 20-year-old Jiashan Heart Initiation Stone is in Jamaicans Escort.
The river flows day and night, and the children of the eight states are eager to return.
The first couplet tells that Emperor Daoguang summoned Tao Shu many times and personally wrote an inscription for the “Yinxin Bookstore” where he studied when he was young. The second couplet borrows from the governor Tao Kan, Tao Yuanming’s grandfather in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The military history of the Eight Prefectures shows that Tao Shu had outstanding political achievements as a loyal man, so the elders in his hometown prayed for his honorable return to his hometown. It points out that Tao Shu was admired by the emperor and inherited the glory of his ancestors. He was praised and admired without being flattery. In just 26 words, the past and glory of Tao Shu and his ancestors are included.
As soon as he saw this couplet, Tao Shu was filled with admiration, “He asked for his name and urged Yan to see him. He was a genius. Regardless of ancient and modern times, as for Dadan, he was competing to make a date for the year. .” He sent his own chariot to pick up Zuo Zongtang and meet him. The two had a very happy conversation and became good friends. At this time, Tao Shu was a feudal official in his sixtieth year, while Zuo Zongtang was just a fledgling county-level academy director. The two were very different in age and status, but they only had a close friendship based on their knowledge and personality.
Afterwards, Tao Shu even offered to let his daughter Jamaica Sugar and Zuo Zongtang got married and entrusted his young son to him. Zuo Zongtang was also able to read Tao Shu’s large collection of books in Tao Mansion, study geography and military literature, and pay attention to Western affairs. And he began to be exposed to military and state affairs in the Liangjiang Governor’s Mansion, giving full play to his military talents, and gradually became one of the “Four Famous Ministers of ZTE”.
Zuo Zongtang used a couplet in Lujiang College to seize the opportunity of his life, and also left a memorable period for Lujiang CollegeA good story about deep friendship and emphasizing truth, talent and learning.
In the 10th year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1860), Zuo Zongtang, who had become the fourth-ranking minister of Beijing, led his army to support Zeng Guofan’s Qimen camp. The road passed through Liling, and everyone greeted him. . After he became the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, he still did not forget the students of Lujiang Academy and sent letters to recruit students to go to ShaanxiJamaica SugarGan. Assist in his government affairs.
At that time, the army in the southeast was in a hurry for many years, and it was difficult for the people to find food and survive, let alone study. However, with his encouragement and support, order was restored in various places, and civil servants and gentry began to run schools and established many frontier schools. He often discussed knowledge with students at Frontier College and donated tuition fees.
Carrying the cultural and educational roots from Lujiang Academy, Zuo Zongtang extended the academy’s civilization to the wider border lands, cultivating a large number of talents for the local area and also Created conditions for managing the Southeast.
三
The education of Lujiang Academy has been continuously developed with the devotion of famous teachers such as Wang Yangming and Zuo Zongtang, and has continuously supplied local talents to Liling.
Before the establishment of Lujiang Academy, Liling County had only produced 8 candidates since the Qing Dynasty began to recruit scholars. However, 52 candidates and 5 Jinshi students walked out of the white-walled and black-tiled gate of Lujiang Academy. After the abolition of the imperial examination in modern times, Lujiang Academy continued to reform itself and established old-style schools. In modern times, Lujiang Academy broke away from the traditional Confucian education system, introduced new learning, moved towards modern education that was connected with the world, and cultivated a large number of modern local talents.
At present, there is an abrupt separation between the college gate and the white wall and red brick of the old school. This is the separation of the buildings and the difference between the two eras. Taking this as a boundary, backward is the fantasy of self-cultivation and educating people, and forward is the pursuit of opening one’s eyes to the world.
In modern times, Jamaicans Sugardaddy college students still resonate with the rise and fall of the country. Invested in causes related to national danger. The road in front of Lujiang Academy is now named Jamaicans Escort after Zuo Quan, a modern military strategist trained by the academy. This person is the same as Zuo Zongtang. A young man with the same surname walked out of Lujiang Academy, joined the army, and went all the way south to join the reactionary society in China at that timeJamaicans Escort Central Guangdong, and eventually became the main general of the proletarian reaction.
Lujiang Academy trained Countless local talents threw themselves into Liling’s local public undertakings, or participated in the promotion of the great historical gears. Among the academy students like Zuo Quan, there were Song Yangqiu, Ning Tiaoyuan and others who fought for national independence and freedom from restraint. There are revolutionaries who fought and liberated the country; there are industrialists such as Yuan Jiapu, Wang Fu, and Yang Shaocheng who prospered the country through industry; and there are also educators such as Yang Hejun, Fu Xiongxiang, and Liu Qian who still hope to enlighten the people through education.
On the one hand, the local gentry and the government work together to maintain the survival and development of the college. On the other hand, Lujiang College cultivates local talents and continuously enriches Liling’s Jamaicans EscortThe civilized background nourishes the local society.
The city of LilingJamaicans Sugardaddy has formed a benign symbiotic interaction with Lujiang Academy, and this interaction is still running.
Now Lujiang Academy no longer has the function of cultivating local talents, but this important function has not disappeared, but continues on the other side of Lu River.
Qingyun Mountain is now embedded in the middle of the city, and various JM Escorts various modern commercial ecologies have emerged around it. The location of Lujiang Academy has also been changed to Liling No. 1 Middle School, which continues to exert its teaching effect as a “holy place of culture and education”. Liling No. 1 Middle School grew out of the soil of the academy and continues to bear the responsibility of the past Jamaica Sugar Daddy went to Lujiang College to cultivate local talents for the country and society.
For today’s Liling people, Lujiang The academy still represents the cultural roots of Liling, but it is more than that. The cultural heritage buildings transform their effectiveness in contemporary revitalization applications, resonate with the demands of the times, continue to radiate contemporary vitality, and connect with the cityJamaica Sugar is integrated into the space and blends into the lives of residents. Tomorrow’s Jamaica Sugar Daddy Lujiang AcademyAs a public space for popular culture and education, Liling people take the next generation into the academy to listen to the echoes of history and carry out new cultural inheritance.
It is JM Escorts the container of Liling cultural and educational civilization. Entering this container, we can see how the culture and spirit in the long history collide, churn, change, and continue, and are ultimately engraved in people’s hearts, which continues to this day and will never be lost.
The Lu River has been flowing for a long time, and the dust of history has obliterated many traces. However, Lujiang Academy still sits quietly in Xishan, telling the thousand-year elegance of Liling, an ancient city in Jingchu.
Editor: Jin Fu